Frazier folks on IPCC
7Overall conclusions
The following concluding statement is not in the Fourth Assessment Report, but was
agreed upon by the ISPM writers based on their review of the current evidence.
The Earth's climate is an extremely complex system and we must not understate the
difficulties involved in analyzing it. Despite the many data limitations and uncertainties,
knowledge of the climate system continues to advance based on improved and expanding data sets and improved understanding of meteorological and oceanographic mechanisms.
The climate in most places has undergone minor changes over the past 200 years, and
the land-based surface temperature record of the past 100 years exhibits warming trends in
many places. Measurement problems, including uneven sampling, missing data and local
land-use changes, make interpretation of these trends difficult. Other, more stable data sets,
such as satellite, radiosonde and ocean temperatures yield smaller warming trends. The
actual climate change in many locations has been relatively small and within the range of
known natural variability. There is no compelling evidence that dangerous or unprecedented
changes are underway.
The available data over the past century can be interpreted within the framework of a
variety of hypotheses as to cause and mechanisms for the measured changes. The hypo-
thesis that greenhouse gas emissions have produced or are capable of producing a signifi-
cant warming of the Earthís climate since the start of the industrial era is credible, and
merits continued attention. However, the hypothesis cannot be proven by formal theoretical
arguments, and the available data allow the hypothesis to be credibly disputed.
Arguments for the hypothesis rely on computer simulations, which can never be decisive
as supporting evidence. The computer models in use are not, by necessity, direct calculations
of all basic physics but rely upon empirical approximations for many of the smaller scale
processes of the oceans and atmosphere. They are tuned to produce a credible simulation
of current global climate statistics, but this does not guarantee reliability in future climate
regimes. And there are enough degrees of freedom in tunable models that simulations
cannot serve as supporting evidence for any one tuning scheme, such as that associated
with a strong effect from greenhouse gases.
There is no evidence provided by the IPCC in its Fourth Assessment Report that the
uncertainty can be formally resolved from first principles, statistical hypothesis testing or
modeling exercises. Consequently, there will remain an unavoidable element of uncertainty
as to the extent that humans are contributing to future climate change, and indeed whether
or not such change is a good or bad thing.
Labels: climate, climate change, Frazier, Global warming, IPCC
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